Tetrabutylammonium iodide(TBAI) ndi mankhwala omwe atenga chidwi kwambiri pazachilengedwe.Ndi mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira chotengera gawo.Makhalidwe apadera a TBAI amapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera pamitundu yambiri yamachitidwe amankhwala, koma ndi chiyani chomwe chimachititsa izi?
TBAI imadziwika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusamutsa ma ion pakati pa magawo osasinthika.Izi zikutanthauza kuti zitha kupangitsa kuti zinthu zichitike pakati pa zinthu zomwe sizingagwirizane.TBAI ndiyothandiza makamaka pamachitidwe okhudzana ndi ma halides, monga ayodini, chifukwa imatha kuwonjezera kusungunuka kwawo mu zosungunulira za organic ndikusunga ma ionic.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi TBAI ndikuphatikiza ma organic compounds.Pamene TBAI ikuwonjezeredwa ku machitidwe a magawo awiri, ikhoza kulimbikitsa kusamutsidwa kwa anions pakati pa magawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zochitikazo zichitike zomwe sizingatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira.Mwachitsanzo, TBAI yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nitriles osagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ma ketoni ndi sodium cyanide pamaso pa chothandizira.
Makina a TBAI-catalyzed reactions amadalira kusamutsidwa kwa chothandizira pakati pa magawo awiriwa.Kusungunuka kwa TBAI mu zosungunulira za organic ndikofunika kwambiri kuti zikhale zogwira mtima monga chothandizira chifukwa zimalola chothandizira kutenga nawo mbali pazochitikazo pamene akukhalabe mu gawo la organic.The reaction mechanism ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
1. Kutha kwaTBAImu gawo lamadzi
2. Kusamutsa kwa TBAI ku gawo la organic
3. Kuchita kwa TBAI ndi gawo lapansi la organic kupanga pakati
4. Kusamutsa wapakatikati ku gawo lamadzi
5. Zomwe zimachitika wapakatikati ndi reactant yamadzi kuti ipange zomwe mukufuna
Kuchita bwino kwa TBAI monga chothandizira ndi chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yapadera yosamutsa ma ion kudutsa magawo awiriwa, ndikusunga mawonekedwe awo a ionic.Izi zimatheka ndi lipophilicity yapamwamba ya magulu a alkyl a molekyulu ya TBAI yomwe imapereka chishango cha hydrophobic kuzungulira cationic moiety.Mbali iyi ya TBAI imapereka kukhazikika kwa ma ion omwe amasamutsidwa ndikupangitsa kuti zochita ziziyenda bwino.
Kuphatikiza pakugwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe, TBAI yagwiritsidwanso ntchito munjira zosiyanasiyana zamakina.Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga amides, amidine, ndi urea.TBAI yagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzochita zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupanga ma carbon-carbon bonds kapena kuchotsa magulu ogwira ntchito monga halogens.
Pomaliza, limagwirira waTBAI-catalyzed reactions imachokera ku kusamutsidwa kwa ayoni pakati pa magawo osasinthika, omwe amathandizidwa ndi zinthu zapadera za molekyulu ya TBAI.Polimbikitsa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mankhwala omwe akanakhala opanda mphamvu, TBAI yakhala chida chofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri opanga mankhwala m'madera osiyanasiyana.Kuchita bwino kwake komanso kusinthasintha kwake kumapangitsa kukhala chothandizira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukulitsa zida zawo zamakemikolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-10-2023